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Cardinal (Catholicism)

#Religious leadership roles #Bishops by type #Ecclesiastical titles #College of Cardinals

1 A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official, usually a bishop, of the ________.

2 ________, Cardinal Bishop of Sabina-Poggio Mirteto, Prefect of the Congregation for Bishops

3 They are collectively known as the ________, which as a body elects a new pope.

4 Roger Etchegaray, ________, Vice-Dean, President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace

5 Since most cardinals are also bishops, the title of cardinal bishop only means that the cardinal in question holds the title of one of the "suburbicarian" sees — they include the ________ — or is a patriarch of an Eastern Catholic church.

6 For a period ending in the mid-20th century, long-serving cardinal priests were entitled to fill vacancies that arose among the cardinal bishops, just as ________ of ten years' standing are still entitled to become cardinal priests.

7 The Dean, the head (as ________) of the College of Cardinals, is elected by the cardinal bishops holding suburbicarian sees from among their own number, an election, however, that must be approved by the pope.

8 During the ________, the period between a pope's death and the election of his successor, the day-to-day governance of the Church as a whole is in the hands of the College of Cardinals.

9 José Saraiva Martins, ________, Prefect Emeritus of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints

10 Most cardinals have additional duties, such as leading a diocese or archdiocese or running a department of the ________.

💡 Interesting Facts

  • the election in 1181 of Pope Lucius III was the first papal election held in accordance with the decree that the pope is to be elected with a two-thirds majority by the cardinals?
  • the papal election of 1061, the first carried out solely by cardinal bishops, resulted in a war between Pope Alexander II and Antipope Honorius II?
  • the cardinals were not allowed to serve simultaneously as residential bishops until the pontificate of Alexander III?
  • the smallest papal election since the expansion of suffrage to all cardinals was undertaken by only six cardinal electors?
  • the antiquarian Giuseppe Alessandro Furietti refused to cede his pair of Hellenistic centaurs (pictured) to Pope Benedict XIV even after being offered a position as a cardinal in return?
  • three conclavists—personal aides to cardinals during a papal conclave—have gone on to be elected Pope?
  • the small Croatian town of Jastrebarsko was home to two cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church, who were also both archbishops of the country's capital Zagreb?
  • the beard of Greek cardinal Basilios Bessarion was partly responsible for the defeat of his candidacy in the papal conclave, 1455?
  • ten of the twenty-three Cardinal electors in the 1492 papal conclave—which elected Rodrigo Borja as Pope Alexander VI —were nephews of the popes that elevated them?
  • only two of the fourteen French cardinals were in Italy at the start of the papal conclave, 1549-1550 because a clause of the Concordat of Bologna allowed the pope to redistribute their benefices if they died in Rome?
  • Pope Clement IX (pictured) received a vote in the final ballot from every cardinal present at his election to the papacy in 1667, except himself and Neri Corsini?
  • Joseph II of the Holy Roman Empire was allowed to enter the papal conclave, 1769, in spite of restriction of the attendance to cardinals?
  • Cardinal Uberto Crivelli was elected Pope Urban III in the papal election in 1185 within the few hours after the death of his predecessor Lucius III?
  • Gregory XV was acclaimed as the new pope in the papal conclave of 1621 even though Cardinal Robert Bellarmine had received the most votes in the ballot?
  • Alan de St Edmund, while in Rome as chaplain to Cardinal Hugh of Evesham, was made Bishop of Caithness after its previous bishop-elect died there while seeking consecration?
  • Władysław Oporowski, archbishop and primate of Poland, was a chief political rival of cardinal Zbigniew Oleśnicki?
  • sanfedisti irregulars, led by Cardinal Fabrizio Ruffo, toppled the Parthenopaean Republic in 1799, restoring the monarchy of Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies?
  • Cardinal Lodovico Trevisan, who won several battles as Captain General of the papal army, was known as the "angel of peace"?
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