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Jet engine

#English inventions #Jet engines #Gas turbines #Energy conversion

1 In many cases, instead of expressing N-speeds (N1, N2) as a sheer RPM on ________ displays, pilots are provided with the N-speeds expressed as a percentage of a nominal or maximal value.

2 ________ obtain little thrust from jet effect, but are useful for comparison.

3 Relentless improvements in the turboprop pushed the piston engine (an internal combustion engine) out of the mainstream entirely, leaving it serving only the smallest general aviation designs and some use in ________.

4 By this point some of the British designs were already cleared for civilian use, and had appeared on early models like the de Havilland Comet and ________.

5 Each engine manufacturer will pick between those two abbreviation but N1 is mainly used for ________ engines whereas Ng is mainly used for turboprop or turboshaft engines.

6 What does the following picture show?  The Whittle W.2/700 engine flew in the Gloster E.28/39, the first British aircraft to fly with a turbojet engine, and the Gloster Meteor   Schematic diagram illustrating the operation of a low-bypass turbofan engine.   Comparative suitability for (left to right) turboshaft, low bypass and turbojet to fly at 10 km altitude in various speeds. Horizontal axis - speed, m/s. Vertical axis displays engine efficiency.   Simulation of a low bypass turbofan's airflow

7 The ________ was not an idea developed in the 1930s: the patent for a stationary turbine was granted to John Barber in England in 1791.

8 What does the following picture show?  Specific impulse as a function of speed for different jet types with kerosene fuel (hydrogen Isp would be about twice as high). Although efficiency plummets with speed, greater distances are covered, it turns out that efficiency per unit distance (per km or mile) is roughly independent of speed for jet engines as a group; however airframes become inefficient at supersonic speeds   The Whittle W.2/700 engine flew in the Gloster E.28/39, the first British aircraft to fly with a turbojet engine, and the Gloster Meteor   A schematic of a ramjet engine. "M" in the image refers to the Mach number of the airflow.   Comparative suitability for (left to right) turboshaft, low bypass and turbojet to fly at 10 km altitude in various speeds. Horizontal axis - speed, m/s. Vertical axis displays engine efficiency.

9 ________ accelerate a much smaller mass of the air and burned fuel, but they emit it at the much higher speeds possible with a de Laval nozzle.

10 Some scientists believe that jet engines are also a source of ________ due to the water vapour in the exhaust causing cloud formations.

💡 Interesting Facts

  • the USA's first locally designed jet engine, the Lockheed J37, spent ten years in development but was never used on a production aircraft?
  • the Lockheed NF-104A (pictured), equipped with a reaction control system as well as a rocket engine to supplement a jet engine, was a low-cost training vehicle for American astronauts in the 1960s?
  • while only three Avro Chinooks, Canada's first jet engine design, were ever built, they led to the very successful Orenda design that followed?
  • had it moved into production as scheduled, the Bede BD-10 would have been the world's first kit-built jet-powered general aviation aircraft?
  • after spending a billion dollars developing borane-enriched "zip fuels" to power a new generation of jet engines, the US Air Force realized the entire idea was unworkable and had to abandon it all in 1959?
  • Bloodhound SSC is a pencil-shaped car powered by a jet engine and a rocket being designed to travel at approximately 1,000 miles per hour (1,600 km/h)?
  • Rolf Dudley-Williams helped set up the company that manufactured the world's first working jet engine?
  • jet engine turbine blades can face temperatures of 2,900 Â°F (1,590 Â°C)?
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