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Jews

1 [101] Where the Third Reich conquered new territory in eastern Europe, specialized units called ________ murdered Jews and political opponents in mass shootings.

2 The first of the two ancient eras spanned from 1350 to 586 BCE, and encompassed the periods of the Judges, the ________, and the Divided Monarchy of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah, ending with the destruction of the First Temple.

3 What does the following picture show?  Jewish refugees in China in the Shanghai Ghetto during World War II. Shanghai offered unconditional asylum for tens of thousands of Jewish refugees from Europe escaping the Holocaust.[136]   In this Rosh Hashana greeting card from the early 1900s, Russian Jews, packs in hand, gaze at the American relatives beckoning them to the United States. Over two million Jews would flee the pogroms of the Russian Empire to the safety of the US from 1881–1924.[95]   Jewish refugees in China in the Shanghai Ghetto during World War II. Shanghai offered unconditional asylum for tens of thousands of Jewish refugees from Europe escaping the Holocaust.[136]   Etching of the expulsion of the Jews from Frankfurt on August 23, 1614. The text says: "1380 persons old and young were counted at the exit of the gate"

4 The Children of Israel experienced the Exodus (meaning "departure" or "exit" in Greek) from ancient Egypt, as recorded in the ________.

5 [37] For centuries, Jews worldwide have spoken the local or dominant languages of the regions they migrated to, often developing distinctive ________ forms or branching off as independent languages.

6 The ________ for example, are a heterogeneous collection of North African, Central Asian, Caucasian, and Middle Eastern Jewish communities that are often as unrelated to each other as they are to any of the earlier mentioned Jewish groups.

7 The Kingdom of Judah was exiled by Babylonia,[111] then returned to Judea by Cyrus the Great of the Persian ________,[112] and then many were exiled again by the Roman Empire.

8 [39] While ________ tests have demonstrated inter-marriage in all of the various Jewish ethnic divisions over the last 3,000 years, it was substantially less than in other populations.

9 For example, the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics estimates the number of ________ to be 5.6 million and the U.S. Census Bureau estimates the American Jewish population to be as many as 6.4 million.

10 The expelled Jews fled mainly to the Ottoman Empire, the Netherlands, and ________, others migrating to Southern Europe and the Middle East.

💡 Interesting Facts

  • the Castilian Civil War resulted in the removal of many Jewish people from high offices of state?
  • the Baal teshuva movement refers to the phenomenon that began during the mid-20th century, whereby large numbers of previously highly-assimilated Jews chose to move in the direction of practicing Judaism?
  • the Soviet 16th 'Lithuanian' Rifle Division had more enlisted Jews than any other division in the Red Army?
  • the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service, which was passed by the Nazi regime on April 7, 1933, prohibited Jews and political opponents of the Nazis from working as civil servants?
  • the Old Whaler's Church in Sag Harbor, New York, is used by Jews on Saturday and Christians on Sunday?
  • when the Nazis began requiring all Jews in the occupied Netherlands to wear the yellow badge, Dutch Christian Casper ten Boom voluntarily wore one also?
  • the Alba Bible, one of the earliest translations of the Old Testament into a Romance language, was commissioned with the express intent of promoting tolerance between Christians and Jews?
  • the Romanian fascist politician Ion Sân-Giorgiu at first considered Antisemitism to be "an act of poverty of a failed intellectual", but soon changed his position calling Jews a "national cancer"?
  • the 1910–1911 Zionist newspaper Hamevasser called on Jews to join the Ottoman army, in an effort to improve Jewish-Turkish relations?
  • Edward Kossoy represented about sixty thousand Jews, Roma and Poles in cases for reparations from Germany for Nazi terror?
  • Richard Brinsley Sheridan's comedy The School for Scandal (1781 performance pictured) has been widely admired, but also criticized for hints of anti-Semitism, particularly regarding its references to Jewish moneylenders?
  • Rabbi Avrohom Blumenkrantz's The Laws of Pesach—considered an authoritative text on the observance of Passover by many North American Jews—started as a privately distributed newsletter?
  • Judeopolonia was a proposed buffer state between the Russian and German Empires with a projected population of 30 million Jews, Poles, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Lithuanians, Latvians, and Baltic Germans?
  • Vera Beaudin Saeedpour, an American Jew, opened the first U.S. museum dedicated to the Kurdish people?
  • soon after the creation of the Łomża Ghetto, Nazi Germans killed all the Jews suspected of collaborating with the previous occupying power, the Soviet Union?
  • although U.S. President Barack Obama is Christian, high-ranked al-Qaida member Ayman al-Zawahiri has falsely claimed that Obama secretly "pray[s] the prayers of the Jews"?
  • Polish resistance member Zofia Baniecka and her mother hid over fifty Jews in their Warsaw apartment during the Holocaust between 1941 and 1944?
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