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Norwegian resistance movement

1 In the mid-1980s it was revealed that ________ aided the Norwegian resistance movement with training and equipment in a series of camps along the Norwegian border.

2 The purpose of this was twofold: it counteracted ________, and it maintained nationalistic, anti-German feelings in the population at large.

3 Haakon VII of Norway Johan Nygaardsvold Carl Joachim Hambro ________ Otto Ruge Jens Christian Hauge

4 The more organized military defense and counter-attacks in parts of Western Norway and in ________, aimed at securing strategic positions and the evacuation of the government

5 The Norwegian resistance also smuggled people in and out of Norway during the war, through Sweden or by fishing boats to ________ (referred to as the "Shetland bus").

6 Established by Arvid Storsveen, its members were students from the ________.

7 Anticipating German efforts to capture the government, the entire Norwegian parliament, the royal family, and cabinet hastily evacuated Oslo by train and car to Hamar and then on to ________, where an extraordinary session of parliament was called.

8 This involved, among other things, never speaking to a German if it could be avoided (many pretended to speak no German, though it was then almost as prevalent as English is now) and refusing to sit beside a German on ________.

9 Norwegian spotters aided in the destruction of numerous German ________, such as Bismarck and Tirpitz.

10 While stationed in ________, the government contributed Norwegian forces to the Allied effort and ordered the Norwegian Merchant Fleet to assist in transportation.

💡 Interesting Facts

  • before becoming a professor of the sociology of law, Vilhelm Aubert was a member of the Norwegian anti-Nazi resistance group XU?
  • after the German occupants shut down several underground newspapers in Norway in February 1944, Bulletinen was the only one remaining with contacts to the leadership of the civil resistance?
  • Per Jacobsen, a Norwegian resistance member who died in Natzweiler, was twice national champion in figure skating in the interwar period?
  • Odd Øyen, active in Norway's WWII resistance, later became the first non-Swede in many years to be decorated with the Order of Vasa for participation in the Congo Crisis?
  • during World War II, Richard Andvord conducted illegal resistance work through the company Rich. Andvord, founded in 1865 by his ancestor of the same name?
  • during the German occupation of Norway, Astrid Løken combined entomological field research with secret photography for the resistance group XU?
  • the monogram of King Haakon VII of Norway, H7, became a resistance symbol during the Second World War?
  • the SOE assassination operation Bittern received severe criticism from the Norwegian resistance movement?
  • the 1943 sinking by Allied aircraft of the Hurtigruten passenger ship SS Sanct Svithun (pictured) led to protests by the Norwegian resistance movement?
  • Jens Boyesen, who in his early twenties was a secretary in the Norwegian resistance movement, later went on to become a top diplomat?
  • Jan Birger Jansen, Johan Scharffenberg and Sven Arntzen, all with background in the Norwegian resistance movement, were later members of the National Association for Referendum?
  • Norwegian historian Tore Pryser has criticised the perceived importance of Norwegian resistance members during World War II?
  • Milorg resistance member Osmund Faremo later served as member of the national parliament and local mayor for the Norwegian Labour Party?
  • Max Manus referred to the release of Norwegian resistance member Kolbein Lauring from Grini concentration camp in 1943 as a "miraculous mistake" by the German authorities?
  • Norwegian resistance fighter Gregers Gram conducted several sabotage missions together with Max Manus, before being killed in an ambuscade in 1944?
  • anti-Nazi resistance fighter Joar Olsen once escaped apprehension by claiming that he drove a Red Cross truck?
  • Gunvald Tomstad, a double agent for Norwegian resistance in World War II, acted as a local "ideologist" of the Fascist party Nasjonal Samling?
  • Edvard Welle-Strand, father of the anti-Nazi resistance fighter Erling Welle-Strand, was an anti-Semitic writer especially active in the 1910s and 1920s?
  • Carl Platou was dismissed from the Ministry of Justice and the Police for listening to a Norwegian resistance radio broadcast in his office?
  • 29 Norwegian civilians were shot in reprisal by the Nazi regime in Norway following the Norwegian resistance's assassination of police chief Karl Marthinsen in February of 1945?
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