7 Answers
The derivative of sine is cosine, which is found outside of the function. So use u-substitution:
∫ sin(x)·cos(x) dx
Let u = sin(x)
Then du = cos(x) dx
→ ∫ u du
= u²/2 + C
Reverse substitution:
= ½ sin²(x) + C
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
You can actually do the same with cosine:
∫ sin(x)·cos(x) dx
Let u = cos(x)
Then du = -sin(x) dx
→ ∫ -u du
= -u²/2 + C
= -cos²(x) + C,
Note that though these seem different, they vary by only a constant. Using the pythagorean identity:
sin²θ + cos²θ = 1
cos²θ = 1 – sin²θ
→ -[ 1 – sin²(x) ] + C,
= -1 + sin²(x) + C,
Negative one plus a constant is just another constant:
= sin²(x) + C,,
And this is identical to the one above.
– – – –
Note: the method below skips u-substitution, which of course can be done, but it’s just a matter of writing the process more easily.
… and the one below that uses a double angle identity.
Actually, since there should be a constant added, that can become:
[ 1 – cos(2·x) ] / 4 + C,
= 1/4 – cos(2·x)/4 + C,
= -cos(2·x)/4 + C
But the double angle formula isn’t needed. All of these antiderivatives (and more, I’d imagine) are within a constant of each other and equally valid.
https://shorturl.im/axuYO
sinx cosx = (1/2) sin 2x => Integral = (1/2) * (- 1/2 ) * cos 2x + c = – (1/4) cos2x + c.
∫ sin x cos x dx = ∫ sin x d [ sin x]
= sin^2 x / 2 + C
This is without using a substitution.
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